knowledge can be both good and bad in frankenstien

Knowledge can be both good and bad. Frankenstein felt that the study of science was greater than another other subject because you can go further than the scientist before you had gone. What Frankenstein failed to understand is just because one becomes knowledgeable in science and has the ability to create something or do something new does not mean it is morally right to proceed with the knowledge. In this case, Victor Frankenstein had the ability to create a human being scientifically but truly did not have the right to do so morally. I believe this is why Frankenstein?s creation ended so terribly. Science can be both wonderful and dangerous and the scientist must learn to know the difference and act accordingly. In Conclusion, scientific knowledge of a thing does not give right to create it even if able to.
In this novel by Marry Shelley there are many themes. A few examples are abandonment, neglect, revenge, and scientific knowledge. All themes are connected to one another in this novel. The knowledge bring the creation, which he abandons. This abandonment is neglect to the creatures best interest, which leads to the creatures want of revenge against his creator.

Upon completion of this novel, a clearly prevalent and outstanding motif is that of religion and biblical reference. The frequent references to religion come in varied forms from that of biblical role-playing, to that of the fate of our current society. Another related argument that occurs can be the relationship of biblical role-playing and character domination. When all are combined appropriately, a very strong and prominent key motif in this novel is produced. Mary Shelley might have used religion reference as a method of showing us how something that happened during the creation of the earth can be related and brought to us via modern day fantasy creations. It is important for us to realize this connection because it will help us to understand an important deeper meaning of this work.

The most important religious comparison in Frankenstein, are the outstanding similarities between Victor as God and the monster as Lucifer. This idea is proven by the monster in the quote where he states, " I am thy creature; I ought to be thy Adam, but I am rather the fallen angel, whom thou drivest from joy for no misdeed." Broken down, this quote shows us that the monster feels that he is the neglected creation and that he has been created to be unhappy, although he has committed no wrongdoing, and he doesn't deserve to be mistreated by society. As it goes in the bible, God created Lucifer as the most brilliant and beautiful angel in the sky with good intentions, but Lucifer turned his back on his creator and began a notorious streak of evil as the "malignant devil." Now if the role of God is switched with that of Victor, and the role of Lucifer is switched with that of the monster, the story is retold in almost the same context. Now to prove that this is not just farfetched speculation, the monster even says in his quote that he ought to be Adam, God's successful creation, rather than the fallen angel (Lucifer). Among other quotes in which the monster deigns Victor as [his] creator, this is a powerful novel reference and this quote beautifully shows the direct motif of religious role-playing in Frankenstein.
Power is another key element used by Mary Shelley in her novel, which helps us even more to uncover the aforementioned biblical relationships. During the first stages of Victor's alive creation, Victor obviously held all the cards due to the fact that the monster had no idea what was happening. However, as time went on, the monsters physical and mental capabilities gave him advantages over Victor and soon enough, he had more power than Victor. The power that the monster retained over Victor wasn't only physical though. During the monsters' fits of anger and rage, his murders emotionally distressed Victor. The murders that were committed close to home were obviously hard-hitting, but the ones to strangers must have given Victor a horrible, "negative" anxiety that somebody

would find out that he was indeed the mastermind behind this heinous murderer. Power relates to the motif of religious role-playing because the same "power-swap" occurred in the biblical story of Lucifer's betrayal to God.
From a different aspect, Mary Shelley may in fact be trying to say something about God and the devil using Victor and the monster rather than the obvious other way around. By having Victor be a mad scientist who creates a demonic creature who soon goes mad as well and eventually murders its creator, Mary Shelley might want her intentive audience to pick up another aspect of society. By the monster (evil) overtaking its creator(good), in a way it forecasts the overtaking of good by evil. Mary Shelley was surrounded by death as a youngster and she may have regarded these deaths as the fall of her humanity. She may have also been subjected to hardships in her society with brought her to believe that society was destined for doom. The surrounding evil overtaking good has a direct

Mary Shelley’s ideas came to her in a short stay in Switzerland. It was raining and herself and her friend, Lord Byron, had thought up of  having a competition to see who could write the best ghost story. Mary Shelley was, at that time, living in an age of scientific experiments and research that could change the world forever. So, her ideas for the story were influenced by experiments and scientific debates of  that time. She uses the concept of ‘Galvanism’ which was originally known as ‘animal electricity’. This was the idea of ‘Luigi Galvani’; he suggested that there was a form of electricity different from any other, which was produced by lighting and the brain. This form of electricity made muscles move rapidly. This lead to further experiments on human corpses. Another experiment took place using another form of electricity. It was on the body of ‘Thomas Forster’, after he was hanged. The method was that wires were attached to the body, through different sensory parts, and a current then sent electricity around the body and the body began to move. Mary Shelley knew about these experiments as these were often discussed the great detail by popular newspapers, also pamphlets and lectures would have discussed these ideas.

To what extent was the 2nd republic a destabilized regime between 1931 and 1933?

To what extent was the 2nd republic a destabilized regime between 1931 and 1933?

The Second Republic was formed on April 14, 1931 after local elections returned anti-monarchist representatives in most cities and large towns. The republic took over a military dictatorship and was first ministered by Zamora, of the conservatives. Azana rose to power in October 1931 in charge of the radical Republican Party, a party to the centre of the spectrum, regardless of its name. The “years of reform” are the years in which this essay shall be based upon. Although there were many reforms, many believe that it was a “destabilized regime”, a ruling which was weak and was always doomed to fail. However, some believe that the second republic made positive reforms and were successful to an extent. Thus, this essay shall be looking at these ideas.

The 2nd republic was seen as a destabilized regime as it had no support from the right wing groups, especially the church. The church saw the 1931 constitution, especially article 26 and 27 as anti-clerical measure and a measure to disestablish the church. Due to the church holding a third of all wealth in the country, this establishment had lots of power and influence. This opposition was a large concern and ultimately made the republic weak. An example of this is when cardinal Segura told all Catholics to vote right wing parties to stop any anti-clerical measures. This shows that the church had a major influence over the country and this therefore made the second republic weak and be seen as a destabilized regime.

Another factor to consider is the failure of nationalization. The 1932 agrarian reform act stated that: any land exceeding 23 hectares are to be nationalized. Although it was seen as a way to give fairer conditions to the peasant farmers, the republic was unable to fulfil its nationalization due to their financial weakness. This show how fragile the government was and how little power it actually held.

 However, there are reasons for support of this republic and to show that the republic did bring about some grater change. One main reform was to make Spain secular- non religious. They removed church education as they had only around 50% literacy level which rose within the second republic. The republic managed to create 7000 new schools and educate an extra 50,000 children within 2 years of power. This shows that the reforms allowed for better education and a better chance of university and jobs as they were educated more. This shows that the republic was not completely destabilized and made a greater impact especially upon the youth at secondary level.

The republic, although created in the blight of the Wall Street crash, was able to help the agricultural problems within Spain. One main successful way was by introducing the law of municipal boundaries 1931, which helped increase the amount of local farmers used rather than cheap international migrants. This allowed local peasants to start earning their own money and a bid to reduce unemployment. This is an example of the government being established and improving conditions. Although it was a good intention, the outcome was not positive. Unemployment rose steadily for 6 years between 1930 and 1936, and agricultural produce and output went down 33%.

Another key dispute was the north eastern region of Catalonia and Basque, 2 separate counties wishing to be independent due to different religious and political ideology. The poorer regions were also blaming the 2nd republic for its impoverishment and lack of resources. The republic did consider this idea however the more conservative believed it would be dangerous. This led to the republic making it devolved, but it was a key problem until 1932 where it then gained support for allowing it to have regional powers. Although it seems the second republic was built upon a destabilized foundation, in this example they were able to “flip the tables”, and created more loyalty from these cities.

The 2nd republic came after a military dictatorship and was a very new and unheard type of government with extreme problems. There was opposition from far left as they believed this new government had not changed enough and was failing its duties whereas the far right was opposed due to there being too much change and the harshness imposed upon the right half of the political spectrum. The second republic sought to deliver workers rights for both industrial and agricultural workers, while there was enhanced employment conditions and trade union powers. However many radical far left groups grew impatient with need for reforms and limited improvements. This resulted in an sharp increase in strike activities and agitation among anarchists and communists in particular.

compare the ways in whic the writers of your two texts present the position of women in society

 compare the ways in whic the writers of your two texts present the position of women in society

By stealing the female's control over reproduction, Frankenstein has eliminated the female's primary biological function and source of cultural power. Indeed, for the simple purpose of human survival, Frankenstein has eliminated the necessity to have females at all. One of the deepest horrors of this novel is Frankenstein's implicit goal of creating a society for men only: his creature is male; he refuses to create a female; there is no reason that the race of immortal beings he hoped to propagate should not be exclusively male.

shelly presents the position of women through the lack of sex within frankenstien, therefore evoking the feelinf of science being more needed than natural sex. The lack of sexual activity stems from Frankenstiens’s perverse sexual feelings towards his mother, commonly known as the Oedipus complex. Shelley describes a dream in which Elizabeth morphs into his mother, “as I imprinted the first kiss on her lips, they became livid with the hue of death”. In having Elizabeth replaced Caroline, Shelley is not only equating Frankenstein’s affection for his mother with Elizabeth but also she also alludes to a sexuality that goes against the norms of society, and the lack of the need to have sex with a woman, usurping the position of women as their main role of being a woman is to bear children. What Victor Frankenstein truly fears is female sexuality as such. A woman who is sexually liberated, free to choose her own life, her own sexual partner (by force, if necessary), and to propagate at will can appear only monstrously ugly to Victor Frankenstein, for she defies that sexist aesthetic that insists that women be small, delicate, modest, passive, and sexually pleasing -- but available only to their lawful husbands. This is clearly seen as a possessive nature when he talks about Elizabeth as "My more than sister, since till death she was to be mine only." This shows that the position of women are not key in frankenstien except as a possesion, in which he does not wish to escalate a sexual relashionship with. Further more victor refuses to create a “she” creature for the monster for him to enjoy and possiably have a sexual relasionship, showing that women are possiably needed for happiness as it is after he refuses in which the monster kills elizabeth. Therefore he is denying the delights on natural intercourse. This is contradictary in the handmaids tale where sex is the only reason of any position within  the giliad regime as a woman.

Atwood also presents women in an oppressive way however it is the contradiction of frankenstien as they are oppressed by being ‘ state-raped’, or forced to have sex like a “machiene”, causing a complete lack of libido between both the commander and the handmaids. The lack of enjoyment through sex makes sex another “chore” in which is another way to persecute and put women down. The women are made to believe that this is their duty and the only reason they are important. The Handmaids are told stories about these conditions to justify their situation. They are told that “men are sex machines… and not much more. They only want one thing”.  Again the Gilead discourse returns to the fact that men cannot be blamed for their behaviour since it is something “natural”. The Handmaids are told that: “It’s up to you to set the boundaries” (reference). “used to think of my body as an instrument, of pleasure, or a means of transportation, or an implement for the accomplishment of my will . . . Now the flesh arranges itself differently. I’m a cloud, congealed around a central object, the shape of a pear, which is hard and more real than I am and glows red within its translucent wrapping” This shows that it seems that women are made just for sex and that’s also a natural instinct for men, therefore women should comply. Similarly in frankenstien there is an idea of going against the norm with moira,being a prostitute and a lesbian, representing the individualistic and plauralised feminisms of the late 80’s and 90’s which include the different agendas of formerly marginilized women: black women and lesbians whos intrests were closer to equality gay rights than traditional feminist agendas of the 1^st wave feminism.this clearly shows that the position of women are usrped and taken away from them unless they have children. If they cannot then they are sent to camps, in which offred mother was sent to. These points clearly show that womens position in this regime is not high and the only time they get any position at all is when they have a baby, and this is only temporarly.